A Farewell To Arms And The Lottery By Shirley Jackson

Kelly Warner 29 September 2017 EN 234 – Introduction to Fiction Setting and Symbolism In the novel â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† by Ernest Hemingway and the short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, there are distinct similarities and differences in the setting and symbolism used throughout. In order to see what the authors are trying to say, from time to time, you have to look deeper into the facts in the writing and analyze. Both of these stories are extremely stimulating, while still being heartbreaking. The styles that these stories have make you as a reader see things differently in your own life and your own experiences. If you look at the similarities in these two stories, it is apparent that both of the authors use weather to†¦show more content†¦The weather also had meaningful symbolism in both of the stories that led to the plot and conclusion of the story. The rain in â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† has more meaning than what we initially read. Rain symbolized death. If you look at the first chapter, it reads, â€Å"In the fal l when the rains came the leaves all fell from the chestnut trees and the branches were bare and the trunks blank with rain; the vineyards were thin and bare-branched too and all the country wet and brown and dead with autumn† (Hemingway, 4). There was an outbreak of fatal illnesses that killed seven thousand people, â€Å"At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera† (Hemingway, 7). Later on, Catherine tells Henry â€Å"I’m afraid of the rain because sometimes I see myself dead in it; and sometimes I see you dead in it† (Hemingway, 107). â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† and â€Å"The Lottery† both use religion as a form of symbolism. Henry describes the priest’s home of Abruzzi as a â€Å"place where the roads were frozen and hard as iron, where it was clear and cod and dry and the snow was dry and powdery† (Hemingway, 116). Even though the story showed glimpses of hope, Henry said â€Å"I bel ieved that life was a tragedy and knew it could only have one end† (Merrill). The author of â€Å"The Lottery† was a Christian woman, so I can see why the critic Helen Nebeker argued that â€Å"the three legs of theShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1149 Words   |  5 Pagesutilize their original purpose- or becoming outdated. In â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, she highlights the detrimental causes of what happens when a tradition is continued, and the original history is forgotten. There are many traditions that are no longer followed today because they no longer serve a purpose, but in â€Å"The Lottery,† the outdated tradition is still being followed by the community. Due to the brutality of â€Å"The Lottery,† Jackson warns of the consequences of simply following something justRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson, born on December 14, 1916, devotes much of her life to the writing of short stories and novels. Some of these include The Sundial, The Haunting of Hill House, and We Have Always Lived in the Castle. Jacksons stories, inspiring and influential to most, are also controversial to some. Her most controversial story, published in 1948 in The New Yorker, is The Lottery. The purpose for the writing of the story varies depending upon the reader, but some might say that it expressesRead More Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Inhumanity Exposed1161 Words   |  5 Pages Inhumanity Exposed in The Lottery nbsp; The story entitled The Lottery, written by Shirley Jackson is an intriguing and shocking parable. The Lottery is set in a small village on a clear summer day. Written in objective third person point of view, The Lottery keeps the reader in suspense as the story progresses. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The story begins June 27th on a clear and sunnyfull-summer day. From the very beginning, irony occurs in the storyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesRichard Gould, Kenneth King, Marjorie Lee, Elizabeth Perry, Heidi Wackerli, Perry Weddle, Tiffany Whetstone, and the following reviewers: David Adams, California State Polytechnic University; Stanley Baronett, Jr., University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Shirley J. Bell, University of Arkansas at Monticello; Phyllis Berger, Diablo Valley College; Kevin Galvin, East Los Angeles College; Jacquelyn Ann Kegley, California State University-Bakersfield; Darryl Mehring, University of Colorado at Denver; Dean

What Are The Fuels For The Future Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(18) " is a lung thorn\." All of the fossil fuels in being today were created 1000000s of twelvemonth ago when aquatic workss and animate beings were burried and compressed by beds of deposit at the bottem of swamps and seas. Over clip this organic affair was converted by bacterial decay and force per unit area to crude oil ( oil ) , gas, and coal, which are heavly dependant on in todays socity, nevertheless these nonrenwable engery beginnings are consuming. Figure n gives the per centum of the entire energy consumed in the Earth from verious beginnings. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are The Fuels For The Future Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Together, fossil fuels account for about 90 % of the sum. Part 1 Non renewable fuels used in vehicles: Propane LPG or liquefied propane gas is a three C methane series, normally in a gas signifier but can be compressed into a movable liquid. This fuel is formed as a reverberation from other crude oil merchandises throughout the natural gas or oil processing and is drawn from the fossil fuels. Most motors, barbeques, centered warming and oxy-gas torches use this fuel ( Serra 2006 ) .Propane and butane are the chief hydrocarbons in LPG When LPG is wholly combusted it has a inclination to act like other methane seriess. Complete burning will merely happen if the ratio of air to fuel contains precisely plenty air to wholly fire all of the fuel, the ratio is known as the stoichiometric mixture. When propane and butane are wholly burned it will bring forth H2O and C dioxide. Propane C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat Propane + O C dioxide + H2O Butane C4H10 + 6.5 O2  ® 4 CO2 + 5 H2O Butane + Oxygen C dioxide + H2O However when an improper stoichiometric mixture is present, uncomplete burning occurs. This can bring forth C monoxide, a deathly merchandise. Propane 2 C3H8 + 7 O2 2 CO2 + 2 CO + 2 C + 8 H2O + heat Propane + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Carbon Monoxide + Carbon + Water butane: C4H10 + 5O2 2CO2 + CO + C+5H2O+ heat Butane + O Carbon Dioxide + Carbon Monoxide + Carbon + Water Name Molecular Formula Molecular Mass Melting Point ( oC ) Boiling Point ( oC ) State ( 25oC, 101.3kPa ) Density ( liquid g cm-3, 20oC ) Flashpoint ( oC ) Enthalpy of Combustion ( kJ mol-1 ) Uses propane C3H8 44 -188 -42.1 gas -2217 constituent of liquefied crude oil gas ( LPG ) , bottled gas ( fuel ) butane C4H10 58 -138 -0.5 gas -2874 constituent of liquefied crude oil gas ( LPG ) , coffin nail igniters ( fuel ) . talk about graphs Fuel HHV MJ/kg HHV BTU/lb HHV kJ/mol LHV MJ/kg Propane 50.35 21,700 2,220 46.35 Butane 49.50 20,900 2,877 45.75 Gasoline Petrol is a mixture of a big figure of volatile distinguishable hydrocarbons, derived from crude oil and utilised in internal burning engines, dissolvers for oils and fats. ?†¢ A ; deg ; ch p? µtrl? µum V A ; deg ; ri? µty h amp ; deg ; s A ; deg ; uniqu? µ mix f ml? µcul? µs, which d? µfin? µ its physic A ; deg ; l A ; deg ; nd ch? µmic amp ; deg ; l prp? µrti? µs, lik? µ clr A ; deg ; nd viscsity ( K? µmp 2006 ) . Pentane hexane and octane are the chief hydrocarbons in gasoline. When gasoline is wholly combusted it has a inclination to act like other methane seriess. Complete burning will merely happen if the ratio of air to fuel contains precisely plenty air to wholly fire all of the fuel, the ratio is known as the stoichiometric mixture. Pentane, hexane and octane are wholly burned it will bring forth H2O and C dioxide. Hexane 2C6H14 + 19O2 — – A ; gt ; 14H2O + 12CO2 Pentane C5H12 ( g ) +16 02 ( g ) — – A ; gt ; 5 CO2 ( g ) + 6 H20 ( g ) Octane 2 C8H18 ( cubic decimeter ) + 25 O2 ( g ) 16 CO2 ( g ) + 18 H2O ( g ) However when an improper stoichiometric mixture is present, uncomplete burning occurs. This can bring forth C monoxide, a deathly merchandise. Hexane C6H14 + 5O2 – A ; gt ; CO2 + CO + 4C + 7H2O Pentane Octane 2C8H18 ( g ) + 17O2 ( g ) 16CO ( g ) + 18H2O Name Molecular Formula Molecular Mass Melting Point ( oC ) Boiling Point ( oC ) State ( 25oC, 101.3kPa ) Density ( liquid g cm-3, 20oC ) Flashpoint ( oC ) Enthalpy of Combustion ( kJ mol-1 ) Uses pentane C5H12 72 -130 36.1 liquid 0.626 -49 -3536 constituent of gasoline ( fuel ) hexane C6H14 86 -95.3 68.7 liquid 0.659 -22 -4190 constituent of gasoline ( fuel ) octane C8H18 114 -56.8 126 liquid -5506 major constituent of gasoline ( fuel ) Coal CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Fossil Fuel Emission Levels – Pounds per Billion Btu of Energy Input Pollutant Natural Gas Oil Coal Carbon Dioxide 117,000 164,000 208,000 Carbon Monoxide 40 33 208 Nitrogen Oxides 92 448 457 Sulfur Dioxide 1 1,122 2,591 Particulates 7 84 2,744 Mercury 0.000 0.007 0.016 Beginning: EIA – Natural Gas Issues and Trends 1998 Part 2 In today ‘s society there is a turning concern sing the correlativity between fossil fuels and the annihilating pollution produced in the environment. Fossil fuels are a unrenewable energy beginning, aside from the ecological impacts, the disbursal in excavation and polishing them is get downing to demand notice. One of the largest factors escalading the release of nursery gases is the burning of these fossil fuels. When a fuel that is made up of H and C Burnss wholly, O in the air combines with the H to organize H2O, and combines with the C to organize C dioxide. However when the burning of the hydrocarbon fuel is non complete, some C atoms will merely unite with on O atom instead than two. This forms a extremely toxicant gas called C monoxide. A figure of C atoms will go on to remain conjoined together and besides fall in the H atoms ; this allows the unburned hydrocarbon molecules which are smaller than the original fuel to get away from the vehicles exhaust. Fuel hydrocarbons that have undergone vaporization before come ining the engine accompany the unburned hydrocarbons, finally they react with the N oxide that was produced from earlier burning. This reaction has taken topographic point in the presence of sunshine which forms ozone. Although the ozone bed in the stratosphere Acts of the Apostless as a shield against the suns UV visible radiation, at land degree it is the chief factor behind photochemical smog which is a lung thorn. You read "What Are The Fuels For The Future Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Carbon atoms can go on to remain joined to one another or no H atoms attached, practically in the procedure of uncomplete burning of Diesel fuel, bring forthing carbon black. Air pollution is going a critical issue, smog and carbon black from the unsafe gasses and particulates are non merely increasing human unwellness. Smog and carbon black besides affect the sustainability of harvests, this is done by the pollution being absorbed into the protective bed of the foliages destructing the indispensable cell membranes. This forces the workss to concentrate on internal fix and non to maturate. Energy companies that are firing fossil fuels are one of the largest manufacturers of atmospheric pollution today. The procedure involved in change overing fossil fuels into energy consequences in legion destructive results such as, air pollution, H2O pollution, accretion of solid waste, land debasement and human unwellnesss. Power workss produce electricity by firing coal. Combustion of coal similar to all fossil fuels produce C dioxide, nitrogen oxide and S dioxide. The S dioxide reacts with the O to bring forth sulfur trioxide, this so reacts with H2O bring forthing sulphuric acid. The sulphuric acid enters the Earth in the signifier of acerb rain. When the dodo fuels are converted into energy it consequences in the accretion of solid waste. This extra waste has a black impact on the environment. Not merely does this waste demand to be treated but it besides needs sufficient land infinite, every bit good as fiscal support to supervise and dispose of it. This quickly increased the opportunity of toxic overflow which can be deadly ; it could poison land H2O beginnings, affect environing flora, marine life and wildlife. 0rganic sulfur is a important issue in the power industries today ; it is chemically bound to all fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal and crude oil. When these fuels are combusted the organic sulfur is released into the air where it reacts with the O to organize sulfur dioxide. Unfortunately this is kept in the ambiance for 100s of old ages. Although it is an unseeable gas, it has inauspicious affects one the quality of the air we breathe. It is besides believed to lend to acid rain, environmental pollution to marine life and woods. Carbon dioxide plays a important function in the addition of planetary heating. The impact affects many countries of the environment. In Antarctica the clime alteration has increased the temperature which could ensue in more rapid ice thaw, this Domino consequence will increase sea degrees and compromises the composing of environing Waterss. The lifting H2O degrees entirely obstruct the class runing from colony, agribusiness and fishing both commercially and recreationally. Fossil fuels need to be delivered to power workss and all sorts of industries daily, this increases the opportunity of oil spills, which would destruct Marine and flora life. Oil rigs and grapevines could leak which besides wipe out wildlife. Coal elimination is believed to be one of the important factors of H2O pollution today. The universe today as we know it has become highly energy greedy, the demands for electricity and fuels are dramatically increasing with the turning population. Equally long as these harmful dodo fuels are still utilized the effects of pollution to our environment will merely acquire worse. An alternate demands to be sought that can run into the required supply which will halt the awful impacts future coevalss will confront. Part B There is more H in gasolene than there is in unstable H. Configuration of H atoms in gasolene is much more infinite maintaining than in stainless liquified H, therefore larger storage containers is needed to shop it. Electrolysis is non by and large the best manner to germinate H. Most of the today ‘s H reaches from natural gasoline as one of the byproducts of crude oil processing. Harmonizing to connected States alternate Fuels Data Center now, H is made using the following two methods. Electrolysis: utilises electric goaded power to divide up H2O compounds into H and O. Using reduced DC electromotive force will conclusion in passing out H on one electrode and O on the other. The electric power can get from electric power output determiners embracing renewable fuels. Connected States Department Of power ( DOE ) has resolved that electrolysis is improbable to go the prevailing method for big sums of H output in the hereafter. The best electrolysis is merely 62 per century efficient. Synthetic gas ( methane ) reformation: Prevailing method of Hydrogen bring forthing is stream restructuring or partial oxidization of natural gas, where other hydrocarbons can be utilised as feedstocks ( for presentation biomass or coal can be gasified and utilised in a vapour restructuring method to gestate H ) . Commercial methane reformation can be about 68 per century efficient. Harmonizing to Stanford University survey of H the first present manner of acquiring H is vapour methane reformation and this will likely remain the most economical manner every bit long as methane ( natural gas ) is accessible cheaply and in big measures. When the cost of methane returns up to more than three times it will be cheaper to do H by dividing up H2O compounds – H2O into H – H2 and oxygen – O2. 2H2O + power  ® 2H2 + O2 this is carried out by electrolysis. Part 3 Ethanol, as in the intoxicant can be altered to be utilized as a fuel for burning engines, this is done by a procedure called agitation. Ethanol is a by-product of sugar and starches, nevertheless in recent research it has been confirmed that it can be produced form hempen substance that are contained in the majority of works affair ( the cellulose and hemicelluloses ) ( kemp 2006 ) . Ethanol is normally used as a blending agent with gasoline to hike the octane degrees ; this besides reduces the C monoxide and other toxic smog that ‘s causes emanations. Glucose is of course created in the works by a procedure called photosynthesis. light + 6CO2 + 12H20 — A ; gt ; C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20 C dioxide +water — A ; gt ; glucose + O In the agitation procedure, glucose is decayed into both ethanol and C dioxide. C6H12O6 — A ; gt ; 2C2 H5 0H +2CO2 + Heat During the burning procedure a reaction between ethyl alcohol and O occurs organizing C dioxide. C2 H5 0H+ 30 2 — A ; gt ; 2CO2 + 3 H2 0 + heat The burning procedure is doubled due to two ethyl alcohol molecules are produced for each glucose molecule. By adding all three equations together, it is made evident of the equal Numberss at each type of molecule on either side of the equation. This the concludes the overall reaction of the production and ingestion of ethyl alcohol can be displayed as: Light — A ; gt ; heat How to cite What Are The Fuels For The Future Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

A Streetcar named Desire Essay Example For Students

A Streetcar named Desire Essay Reality is a double-edged sword – we can evade it and face the consequences of doing so, or, we can face it and suffer the consequences of doing so. All too often, reality can be overwhelmingly negative, and with no other means of escape other than to deny the truth of their situation, a person will evade their reality. Death, loss, aging and a past that is best forgotten can often lead a person to falsify their reality. This notion is exemplified in Tennessee Williams play A Streetcar Named Desire through protagonist Blanche Dubois who, through suffering through the death of her husband and most of her family, lost her cherished childhood home, it ‘on-the-shelf’ and trying to escape a promiscuous past has no option but to escape her reality and present a faux reality to those around her. The unreality of presented by Blanche is one in which she is dainty, pure, beautiful and desirable, a ‘reality’ she aims to perpetuate by hiding from harsh light and omitting details of her history with men to help her create the ‘magic’ of her reality. While Blanche explicitly states; â€Å"I don’t want realism,† through Stanley, Tennessee William’s puts forth the idea to his audience that reality is inescapable, and that the consequences for escaping reality are dire, harsh and cruelly judged by society. Blanche, who escapes her objectively reality is raped and suffers a severe mental collapse, being reduced to talking to imaginary onlookers and admirers, whereas Stanley, a blunt realist suffers no consequences, even getting his desire to be rid of Stella’s sister. By not trying to cope and resolve the difficulties and hardships in a reality, the problems are able to fester and grow, and are exacerbated to far greater, and even epic proportions. During the People’s Republic of China’s ‘Great Leap Forward’ reality became ignored by the people of China and the willing ignorance of Chinese leaders led to millions of deaths. During the Great Leap, grain production figures were falsified and inflated to ridiculous extents (a harvest of 200 million tonnes was reported to be 450 million! ) and those sceptical of the figures were shouted down by Maoist idealists unwilling to acknowledge the reality of China’s situation. Jung Chang – a Chinese historian, remarked â€Å"It was a time when telling fantasies to oneself and believing them was practised to an incredible degree in China. † The reality of China’s situation was severe food shortages, and between 1959 and 1961, 30 million Chinese people died due to famine. Lie’s and fallacies which created a false reality for Colin Sinclair eventually resulted in inescapable consequences for Colin Sinclair. In the article â€Å"I’m an Anzac fake,† Colin Sinclair revealed that he had been lying about his ‘service’ in the Vietnam War. According to Sinclair, one lie just â€Å"grew and grew† until he felt that he had to escape. Sinclair’s lies resulted in stigma and disapproval from both war veterans and wider society, and these consequences were inescapable. By avoiding reality, we render ourselves unable to cope with what cause the need for us to escape in the first place, and even though we are able to temporarily evade reality, the reality we left behind eventually catches up to us. Alternatively, however, there are situations in which escaping reality will yield no greater consequences than dealing with it. When our lifestyle is threatened, to preserve it, we lit, and may even ignore reality. Griffin Mill from the film The Player was in danger of having his lifestyle robbed from him for his murder of David Kahane. Rather than confessing to police his guilt surrounding the murder of Kahane, Mill instead hides the reality to prevent his utter social destruction. Murderers and Their Victims EssayShe has always heard the music, but then she hears it distorted, showing how she is seeing things in her mind. Then the music stops, which shows Blanches last connection with sanity broken. Another way that Williams dramatises Blanches final demise into madness is the way she dresses. She always dresses really well and in light colours. When she is first seen in the beginning of scene I, she is described to dress; As if she were arriving at a summer tea or cocktail party in the garden district. However, although they appear to be expensive, they arent. For example, her diamond tiara is actually rhinestone. How she dresses represents how she is. She tries really hard to always make sure she is clean and dressed nicely, so that she appears clean and nice. She bathes a lot of the time so she feels clean. In scene V she accidentally gets coke on her dress, and she screams, but calms down once she realises it is not stained. Stella asks her; Blanche, why did you scream like that? Blanche doesnt give her an answer. This shows that she doesnt really know, or doesnt want to think about it. She also dresses mostly in light colours and white, which represents virginity, where she is trying to forget her past as a prostitute. In the beginning of scene I, the description of her is; looking as if she were arriving at a summer tea or a cocktail party in the garden district. This shows that this is where she would like to be going, and how she would like to be seen. In scene X, at the beginning of the scene, she is dressed in a crumpled and stained white dress and scuffed shoes; she has decked herself out in a somewhat soiled and crumpled white satin evening gown and a pair of scuffed silver slippers. This is where she is starting to show her true self, and she is not trying so hard to pretend that she is rich and innocent anymore. This is after Stanley has given her tickets back to Laurel, which she cant do, and after Mitch said he doesnt want to be with her anymore. Everyone knows about her past, so she is no longer trying to conceal it. She doesnt see a future for herself, as she can no longer marry Mitch and Stanley is forcing her out. In scene XI, she is wearing clean clothes again and dressing nicely, as she thinks that she id going away with Shep Huntleigh, although it is all in her mind and she is actually going to a Mental Institute. This shows that she is trying again to make herself look nice to deceive this man. Another way Williams dramatises Blanches final demise into madness is by the way she acts. At the beginning of scene IX she is sitting in a tense, hunched position, and she is drinking liquor. This shows she is trying to escape what has happened; Mitch did not show up at her birthday party, and Stanley gave her a bus ticket back to Laurel. When Mitch arrives, he is drunk, unshaven and rude to her, but she just ignores it. As Mitch says; I wasnt going to see you any more, she says that she cant hear him. This shows that she is just trying to escape reality. She always avoids harsh light, as she doesnt like people knowing how old she is. When Mitch firsts asks her, she manages to change the subject, and she only goes out with him when it is dark. Once he tears the paper lantern off of the light bulb, she cries out. This is because she cannot hide how she looks anymore. She has always been sensitive about her age and how she looks, like when she only lets Mitch see her after dark in dimly-lighted place. The lantern represents her fragile shell of normality and beauty hiding her interior which she doesnt want anyone else to see.

Study Guide Review free essay sample

Think positively Use the power of visualization Know that most nervousness is not visible Dont Expect Perfection 7. Critical thinking- focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, the differences between fact opinion 8. 7 elements in which we focus on how these elements interact when a public speaker addresses an audience Speaker- the person who Is presenting an oral message to a listener Message- whatever a speaker communicates to someone else Channel- the means by which a message Is communicatedListener- the person who receives the speakers message Feedback- the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker Interference- anything that Impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal listeners Situation- the time place in which speech communication occurs 9. Speech making becomes more complex as cultural diversity Increases. Part of the complexity stems from the differences In language from culture to culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The meaning attached to gestures, facial expressions, other nonverbal signals also vary from culture to culture.Ethnocentrism often blocks communication the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures Chapter 2 1 . Ethics is defined as the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. As a public speaker, you will face ethical issues at every stage of the speechifying process- from the initial decision to speak through the final presentation of the message. 2. Make sure goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest in what you say, avoid name-calling abusive language(personal dignity free beech), put ethical principles into practice 3. Plagiarism- presenting another persons language or ideas as ones own Global plagiarism- stealing a speech entirely from a single source passing it off as ones own Patchwork plagiarism- stealing ideas or language from two or three sources passing them off as ones own Incremental plagiarism- failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people 4. Be courteous , avoid prejudging the speaker, maintain the free open expression of ideas Chapter 3 1 .Hearing- the vibration of sound waves pm the eardrums the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain Listening- paying close attention to, making sense of, what we hear 2. Art of listening can be helpful in almost every part of your life. Studies have been shown a strong correlation between listening academic success. Regardless of profession or walk of life, you never escape the need for a well-trained ear. Listening is also important to you as a speaker. It is probably the way you get most of your ideas information.Appreciative listening- listening for pleasure or enjoyment Empathic listening- to provide emotional support for a speaker Comprehensive listening- listening to understand the message of a speaker Critical listening- listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it 3. Not concentrating, listening too hard, Jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery personal appearance Tips Take listening seriously Be an active listener Resist distractions Dont be diverted by appearance or delivery Suspend Judgment Focus your listening (main points, evidence, techniqueDevelop note-taking skills Chapter 5 Brainstorming- a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas 3. Internet searches 4. General purpose- the broad goal of a speech 5. Specific purpose- a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech 6. Tips for makin g a specific purpose statement Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question Avoid figurative language in your purpose statementLimit your purpose statement to one distinct idea Make sure your specific purpose in not too vague or general 7. Questions you should ask Does my purpose meet the assignment? Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? Is the purpose relevant to my audience? Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? Is the purpose too technical for my audience? 8. Central idea- a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech 9.Residual message- what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech 10. The central idea (1) should be expressed in a full sentence, (2) should not be in the form of a question, (3) should avoid figurative language, and (4) should not be vague or overly general. Chapter 6 1 . Audience centeredness- keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation 2. *** 3. *** Egocentrics- the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being 4.

Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Example

Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Example Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay ANOVA Hypothesis Testing Paper RES/342 July 5, 2011 University of Phoenix ANOVA Hypothesis Testing Paper According to Payscale. com an individual with a high school education entering the work force will earn less than an individual with the same level of education who has worked longer in that particular field (Harrison, 2010). Team A has selected data from the Wages and Wage Earners data set and will be using the analysis of variance, also known as ANOVA, to compare the mean of age groups 18 63 which were broken down into four age groups to compare the average salary of each age group and will determine the accuracy of Payscale’s claim. In this paper we discuss our research question and the hypothesis and show how we concluded the selected hypothesis. Research Question and Hypothesis Statement Is there a difference in earned wages for workers with a 12th grade education based on the age of the worker? At a five percent level of significance (? ), the team’s null hypothesis (H0) is that the mean scores are the same for the four groups 18-25, 26-33, 36-44, and 46-53. The alternate hypothesis (H1) is that at least one mean is different. These hypotheses are simply illustrated as: H0: ? roup 1 = ? group 2 = ? group 3 = ? group 4, H1: At least one mean is different. Five Steps Hypothesis Testing and Results of F Test Team A conducted the following steps to test their hypothesis. Step 1 – The null and alternate hypotheses: H0: ? group 1 = ? group 2 = ? group 3 = ? group 4 H1: At least one mean is different Step 2 – Select the level of significance: ? = . 05 Step 3 –Identify test statistic: Use the â€Å"F† distribution because this is an ANOVA test Step 4 – Formulate the decision rule Reject the null hypothesis if F-calculated is greater than 2. 85 (F-critical) Step # 5 – Calculate the test statistic, arrive at a decision, and state a conclusion: Degrees of freedom in the numerator: df= c-1= 4-1= 3 Degrees of freedom in the denominator: df = n-c = 43-4 = 39 Decision is to retain the null hypothesis. Conclusion is that a difference cannot be proven between wages of workers with a 12th grade education based upon age. p-value = 0. 086 Excel Output: Anova: Single Factor | | | | | | |SUMMARY | | | | | | | |Groups |Count |Sum |Average |Variance | | | |Group 1 |9 |165739 |18415. 44 |75696297 | | | |Group 2 |15 |349791 |23319. |75244077 | | | |Group 3 |9 |249868 |27763. 11 |1. 03E+08 | | | |Group 4 |10 |306802 |30680. 2 |2. 28E+08 | | | |ANOVA | | | | | | | |Source of Variation |SS |df |MS |F |P-value |F critical | |Between Groups |8. 4E+08 |3 |2. 75E+08 |2. 358418 |0. 086439 |2. 845068 | |Within Groups |4. 54E+09 |39 |1. 16E+08 | | | | |Total |5. 36E+09 |42 |   |   |   |   | | | | | | | | | Raw Data and Charts Wages and Wage Earners 2005 Data Set Yearly |Group 1 |Group 2 |Group 3 |Group 4 | |Wages | | | | | | |$11,186. 00 |$11,451. 00 |$18,121. 00 |$9,879. 00 | | |$20,852. 00 |$29,191. 00 |$26,614. 00 |$49,898. 0 | | |$14,476. 00 |$41,780. 00 |$33,411. 00 |$20,852. 00 | | |$16,667. 00 |$13,312. 00 |$22,485. 00 |$32,235. 00 | | |$15,234. 00 |$15,957. 00 |$21,994. 00 |$50,171. 00 | | |$39,888. 00 |$25,166. 00 |$28,440. 0 |$31,702. 00 | | |$13,162. 00 |$30,308. 00 |$50,187. 00 |$36,178. 00 | | |$20,793. 00 |$21,716. 00 |$31,799. 00 |$12,285. 00 | | |$13,481. 00 |$28,219. 00 |$16,817. 00 |$45,976. 00 | | | |$31,691. 0 | |$17,626. 00 | | | |$17,690. 00 | | | | | |$16,796. 00 | | | | | |$32,094. 00 | | | | | |$15,193. 0 | | | | | |$19,227. 00 | | | References Harrison, H. (2010). The Average Salary of High School Graduates. Retrieved July 2, 2011, from ehow. com/facts_5232664_average-salary-high-school-graduates. html [pic] Reject H0 Do not reject H0  ± =. 05 F = 2. 85 H0 ? =. 05 F = 2. 85

Floating point IEEE754 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Floating point IEEE754 - Coursework Example This means that it can â€Å"float†. The point in which the radical point is located is indicated in the internal representation. There are various types of floating representation but the most common one is that of IEEE754. In a real computer, the representation of floating point numbers is through the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 754 (IEEE – 754) floating point number format. The features of this number format are that it uses 32 bits (single precision), the number y is represented as ?x(1.a1a2†¦..a23).2e, where y represents the number, whether positive or negative, ai is the mantissa entries and can only go up to 23, that is, i=1†¦.23. e is the exponent. There is a need to note the 1 that is given before the decimal (radix) point. This point represents the sign of the number that is being represented. 0 is a representation of a positive number while 1 is a representation of the negative number. The next eight bits forms the exponents. In this representation, there is no separate bit in the representation. The sign of the actual exponent is normally taken care of by adding 127 to actual exponent. An example is if the real number value is 6, then there will be an addition of 127, making it 133, that is 127 + 6. The reason as to why 127 is added is because in eight bit number representation, the maximum number that can be represented is (11111111)2 which is 255. Half of 255 is 127. This means that negative exponents of 127 can be represented and at the same time positive exponents of 127 can be represented. With this representation, the exponent will be represented as -127=128. The computer can also represent the numbers using another method other than the one stated in the paragraph above. In this regard, the computer can use eight bits for the exponent, reserving 1 bit for the sign of the exponent. In this case, the largest bit used for representation would be 127. By biasing the representation of the exponent the i nstances of getting a negative zero is avoided and also a positive zero. The effects of both are the same. The actual range of exponent in IEEE format is not 0 to 255 but 0 to 254. In this case then, the exponent has a range of -126127. In this case, -127 and 128 are used for other purposes. If e=128 and al the values of the mantissa are zeros, then the number is +- ?. The infinity bit is governed by the number before it. If e=128 and all the entries of the mantissa are not zeros, it will mean that the real number that is being represented is not a number (NaN). Because of the number that is at the lead in the floating number representation, the zero value cannot be precisely presented. This is the reason as to why the number zero is represented using -127 and all the entries of the mantissa are zero. The next bits, 23 in number, are used to represent the mantissa (Brewe 73) Representing double-precision numbers (64-bit) In double precision format, real numbers are represented in 64 bits. In this format, the computer uses the 1st bit as a sign bit. The next 11 bits are used to represent the exponent. The rest of the bits, which are 52 are used to represent the mantissa (Brewe 74). The process of converting a decimal number to IEEE754 format will undergo some steps. The first step is to check the sign of the number. If it is negative, then the sign will

Literature- Discussing Questions 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature- Discussing Questions 1 - Essay Example She appears plain and hard-working in this first scene. Henry and Elisa seem to be a â€Å"settled† couple. He cares how she feels and she cares for him also, but there seems to be no passion there. Instead they are good friends, but not intimate in the sharing sense of the word. She does not want him to know about the mums. He seems to value her skills and strength, rather than her femininity, and he says she looks â€Å"nice†, not beautiful. The salesman takes and interest in order to establish rapport, and to get some work from her, plus a flowerpot he can sell. She is taken in, believes his story and thinks he has a genuine interest in her flowers. It is her specialty and she loves feeling like she is sharing it. (Ten inch mums are huge.) The first paragraph describe Elisa’s feeling about her life: closed in, grey and damp, waiting for something to change. She is isolated and her life is quite limited and simple, as opportunities for women of that time were very limited.The valley is ready to sleep through the coming wionter in anticipation of spring, but Elisa has passed her chance at spring and new blooms. She lives that part of her life through her flowers. 5 How might Elisas preparations for going out for dinner be likened to her care for the chrysanthemums? Explain Elisas response after seeing her seedling chrysanthemums have been tossed out onto the road. Elisa’s preparations for going out to dinner are meticulous and thorough. She does not only care for her own body, but for her husband’s clothing too. When she is done bathing she surveys the results and then dresses. She is as careful with her flowers, as we see in the first scene and she tells us with her directions to the salesman for taking care of them. She packed the seedlings with great care for him to take to the fictional client. She realizes that he has manipulated her and just wanted the money and the flower pot, which she notes that he